Uses of plant hormones in the commercial production free essay sample

Plant hormones can be utilized in the commercial agriculture of important crops such as grapes, pineapple, watermelons and strawberries. In the production of grapes the plant hormone gibberellin is used. Gibberellins are derivatives of gibberellic acid. They are natural plant hormones and promote flowering, stem elongation and break dormancy of seeds. The hormone is used to thin the flowers so as to minimize the competitive effect of early fruiting on vegetation growth. The hormone is also used to increase the berry size by 60%. Gibberellin has also been used to produce seed less berries. Abscisic acid can also be added as it increases the abscission of mature fruits and seeds but only at high concentration. In the production of pineapple the hormone auxin is mainly used. Auxin is the active ingredient in most rooting mixtures. These products help the vegetative propagation of plants. On a cellular level auxins influence cell elongation, cell division and the formation of adventitious roots. We will write a custom essay sample on Uses of plant hormones in the commercial production or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some auxins are active at extremely low concentrations. Typical auxin concentration ranges from 0. 01 to 10 mg/L. in pineapple production exogenous application of auxin can alter fruit size and period f maturity. It increases the size of fruit and rate of maturity. Ethylene can also be used for controlled ripening of pineapples. In the production of watermelons the hormone ethylene can be used to control the flowering. It is used to stimulate the early production of female flower because melons usually produce male flowers before female flowers. Often male flower production is inhibited following the application of ethylene. This increases the number of fruits produced per plant. In the production of strawberries the hormone auxin is used to stimulate the growth of strawberries.

What the In-Crowd Wont Tell You About Writing Response Papers

What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Writing Response Papers Finding the Best Writing Response Papers At precisely the same time, you're utilize facts which you know or your own observations to help support your opinion. You should agree it is simpler to think of the thesis statement of the paper when the remainder of the pieces are written than attempting to connect each paragraph with another topic sentence to the principal argument. Convince your reader that you're right. You don't need to include background information regarding the author in our introduction. While evidence from the assigned book is important, it is frequently valuable to include evidence from away from the book also. Unlike the summary, it's composed of YOUR opinions in regard to the article being summarized. As soon as you believe your summary is really much together, ask a person to read it critically. Quite simply, your document isn't going to rely on facts since it focuses more on your opinions. The Chronicles of Writing Response Papers Reaction paper writing can frequently be a good deal tougher than meets the eye. Explain Writing a great reaction essay may look like an intimidating task. Although writing reaction paper assignments is actually simple, you want to understand where to get started. You'll also find other handy strategies on reaction paper format at the website. Best professional on-line essay writer business is at your services. Uk writers help to achieve that. Frequently, it includes a text that you need to analyze. Whatever the case, it's preferable that you strictly revolve around the text you're analyzing. Based on your assignment, you may have to select a key text. Writing an entire text is a time-consuming procedure, but it's much easier to concentrate on the potent argument. For example, you may begin your paper with a quick summary and add your response in a block. In many instances it will stipulate you must use what is referred to as the APA format. Proofread the paper several times to steer clear of mistakes and finally check if you have decided on the appropriate citation style. Writing Response Papers for Dummies Doing a written homework often starts with understanding what type of academic paper you are likely to execute. Most academic assignments search for the persuasive thesis. From time to time, the learner will want to respond to a particular document, including a written theory on black holes. Based on the approach you may want to pursue, there are particular considerations about how to compose a reaction paper to a documentary you should make. It is essential for you to feel that you're beginning to make immediate progress towards writing your essay. You should have great writing skills and spend a great deal of time checking the last paper on errors and mistakes. The remainder of the parts supply the evidence to demonstrate the thesis. Brainstorming is among the best things a student can do in order to choose the excellent idea and develop a corresponding statement. In order to make an effective response essay, students have to be persuasive, analytical, and include factual info. If a student would like to learn to compose a thesis for a research paper, it's important to get an overall picture of the whole process. While forming a thesis statement for research paper, he should have the entire work on hands to provide a summary of the main ideas in the major statement. Sticking to the proper working plan, you won't miss whatever matters. For some of them you will require help, while others it's possible to write by yourself. Employing hands-free headsets won't work because it's the call that is distracting, not holding the telephone. Most importantly, the paper is logical throughout. Give certain examples, cite theme and show the reader the way the theme is presented in various elements of the job. Aside from being accurate, a superior thesis has to be focused, original, and engaging. The term synthesis is understood to be a mixture of elements to form a connected whole.

High School Senior Project Ideas Lists

High School Senior Project Ideas ListsWhat better way to celebrate high school than by taking a look at your high school senior project ideas list. It's a time for great accomplishment and unique ideas that can add to the high school experience. In addition, it's also a time when you will be presented with some of the best ideas you will ever have. If you are interested in what to do with your high school senior project ideas list, read on.There are so many things that can be done with your high school senior project ideas list. Some ideas include creating your own logo for your business, writing a magazine or newspaper story, or maybe doing something exciting with science and technology. Every year, there are plenty of students who want to build their own airplane, has an invention made that has never been done before or develop the next wonder. While the idea sounds great, they might not know how to go about creating their project or how to get started. The following tips will give you some great ideas to make your project successful and unique.First, you should get your creative spirit going. A good way to do this is to come up with some ideas for other students to do. You could consider having an essay contest or even a word and essay contest. Try to come up with some creative and unique essay topic ideas for others to complete. You could also suggest that they choose one person to act as a judge and select the best essay and create a good competition.You can also get ideas from your classmates. If they already have an idea for an invention or project idea, talk with them and see if they would be willing to help you. It may be something that they enjoy doing, but you'll find that they might be able to help you with their ideas for you.Another way to get ideas is to find other students that are already doing something. Most colleges and universities will have their own project ideas lists that they post on their website. Visit their website and check out wha t projects they are working on. You can also visit some forums online and find topics related to your specific subject. Since so many people are involved in various ways in different fields, you might just find a topic that interests you and the other students around you.While you might be interested in ideas, it is important to remember that no idea is too small or too big. There are always plenty of ideas available and most of them are within your price range. The best way to ensure that the project idea you are considering will actually become a reality is to think of it as a personal challenge that you'll take on with your own hands.After you finish reading the high school senior project ideas list, you should think about what type of project it is that you want to take on. If you aren't sure, start brainstorming some ideas to determine if it's something that you'll be able to do. From there, it will be easier to narrow down your list of possible subjects and projects.Your high school senior project ideas list can be very powerful if you use it correctly. By considering the suggestions above, you can get started on a great project or create a new one that others will enjoy.

The Most Forgotten Fact About Writing the Essay Intro and Conclusion Revealed

The Most Forgotten Fact About Writing the Essay Intro and Conclusion Revealed What You Need to Know About Writing the Essay Intro and Conclusion When writing, you have to place your ideas in contextbut that context doesn't generally need to be as big as the entire galaxy! If you started strong then you should end with the exact same tone also. You may want to amplify the principal point of an essay or set it in a different perspective for setting a bigger context. To have a good conclusion, you can return to the theme you began with. Top Writing the Essay Intro and Conclusion Secrets As it's pretty hard to learn to compose an essay conclusion in case you don't understand its importance and its function in your academic paper. Ending an essay with similar scenario might help to demonstrate your point and make a better understanding. Now that you've read a minumum of one case of a great conclusion, it's time to observe the way you can write a great conclusion of an essay. Ana lytical and analysis papers are extremely similar and share the exact rules applied to conclusion writing. Who Else Wants to Learn About Writing the Essay Intro and Conclusion? If your essay is constituted of three major ideas, one particular paragraph is dedicated to every idea. If your essay is describing a process, including how to make a huge chocolate cake, make sure your paragraphs fall in the right order. The thing about your essay conclusion is it should be your very last word about the topic. It is a complicated part of the paper and you should be treating it properly. Here's What I Know About Writing the Essay Intro and Conclusion You might find that you don't know precisely what you're likely to argue at the start of the writing process. Keep in mind the thesis is the major point of the essay, it's what you're arguing for. There are lots of different sorts of essays, which means that your conclusion is likely to vary between each category. As soon as an essay do esn't have a reason to it, odds are that nobody will look closely at your work. When you start to think of introductions and conclusions as two pieces of one puzzle, you will likely see them much simpler to write. Dictionary introductions are also ineffective simply since they are so overused. Introductions and conclusions may be the most troublesome pieces of papers to write. The History of Writing the Essay Intro and Conclusion Refuted The exact same effort which you put in the introduction and body of the essay should be placed into doing the conclusion too. You must also restate the thesis and bring your principal notion to the stage. The objective is to take a particular position on the subject. You ought to focus on the big picture rather than taking the incorrect turn. The ending of the essay The use of the essay's Conclusion is to restate the major argument. You should learn how to compose a conclusion paragraph for an essay as it can get you some very helpful bon us points. To compose an effective essay, you will need to compose a conclusion that would leave an enduring impact even after somebody has read your essay. Writing conclusions is reasonably simple, what you are just doing is reiterating the key ideas. In the event the essay is all about getting readers to change, including a call to action is a remarkable tool. In addition, it enables you to reveal the field from a bigger perspective and offer some insight on the way in which the problem in question can be tackled. After all, the conclusion provides you with the previous chance to persuade your reader your point of view is accurate. Your conclusion is your opportunity to have the previous word on the topic. The New Fuss About Writing the Essay Intro and Conclusion How to end an essay might be a tricky question, particularly if your academic grade is dependent on the paper you're working on. It's mandatory that you learn to compose a very good conclusion for an essay if y ou wish to obtain a top grade on the paper. The approach you take to compose the essay conclusion, and that of the entire paper largely is based on the kind of essay. How to end an essay to receive a high score Even though it might seem that conclusion isn't a very significant part your paper, you might still lose precious points if you don't do it right. Your introduction is a significant road map for the remainder of your paper. You do not have to be worried about your personal details that may be viewed, as we handle the matter on a safe network. Sure, you will find plenty of essay conclusion examples on the net, but in the event you really need to ace the ending of your paper, you should invest a little time and effort into attempting to comprehend what features make the last portion of any paper worth reading. Needless to say, you wish to have your paper well-written, and that has the conclusion paragraph. In case you had a reference, it's a good idea to reference it a t the close of the essay even if it is simply in passing. A great conclusion paragraph is basically the one which solidifies the major point of your writing. Nothing can be easier than to compose the last paragraph with our on-line generator! Using Writing the Essay Intro and Conclusion In some instances, a two-or-three paragraph conclusion might be appropriate. Just like introductions, the duration of the conclusion should reflect the amount of the essay. After all, it may be poisoned. It's essential to be very specific at the very same time, also very macro in order to offer the extensive scope of the essay and narrow it down eventually. Now, let's analyze several essays conclusion examples to receive a little more practical insight about it. Speaking of narrative essays, you will need to continue in mind that you're telling a story. It ought to be catchy enough to produce the reader follow your story.

Sample Body Paragraph Essay For Field Trip

Sample Body Paragraph Essay For Field TripIt is important to practice before taking a sample body paragraph essay for field trip. A good chance for your mind to be at ease and it becomes easier to visualize things. Using examples from the moment you first start writing in a field trip has a positive effect on the way you go.One of the main parts of a field trip is the trip. The other major part is the materials to get the kids ready for the trip. Sometimes the material needs to be collected. Getting the material is just one part of the overall trip preparation. It is good to get the children prepared with easy samples of what they should look for during the trip.There are many times when an educational field trip is the first time a child has ever been outside. That is why there are so many tools available for a child to use while in school that have not been part of the curriculum before. The tools for field trips have changed as well as the material to include in the field trip.The best way to prepare for a field trip is to make a mental picture of what you need to do. Make the picture vivid and clear. Then think about how the children will react when they actually do the task.When your child does something physical activities like digging or building something, you want to give them a picture of how the experience feels. The most common examples of visualizing experiences are becoming dizzy and feeling sick. Focus on what they feel instead of what they are doing. Their minds want to associate their feelings with the activity they are doing.Creating a visual experience can be difficult but very rewarding. Creating a vivid and clear picture is the easiest thing you can do. It is almost like planting a seed and watching the plants grow.Any time you can give your child a visual experience, it will help him relax more easily. Visualization is one of the ways to get children to relax and allow themselves to become less tensed.Children love these activities and wil l appreciate them greatly, because they know these things are fun and a great time. Remember to use visual and physical experiences as the basis for a sample body paragraph essay for field trip. It will help the students gain confidence in doing things for themselves. It also helps them connect what they have been doing to what they are about to do for the next part of the trip.

The Grupo Modelo Place in the World Market free essay sample

In previous years, beer’s core segmentation was age group 21-27, this demographic bottomed out in the late 1990’s to early 2000’s, but projections are showing that this core demographic will be the top demographic again by 2010 according to beerprofit. com. Studies have shown the 40% of the adult market are expected to be regular beer consumers by 2011. This paper will discuss Medelo’s international expansion through strategic partnerships, next steps into a foreign market for Modelo, challenges from InBev, Modelo’s direct competitor, and whether Modelo should diversify its business. (HTB, 2008) Modelo’s International expansion with Strategic Partnerships Grupo Modelo is the biggest brewer in Mexico and is based in Mexico City. Model has built several breweries in states throughout Mexico for logistics, warehousing and transportation strategies. Grupo Model best known product is Corona, while it best selling brand is Corona Light. Within Mexico, their biggest selling brand is Modelo Especial which is a premium pale lager thats more comparable in quality to Dos XX than its lightweight Corona. We will write a custom essay sample on The Grupo Modelo Place in the World Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most beers sold in Mexico are standard light bodied lager brews that are similar to U. S. and Canadian lagers. Especial are sometimes viewed as a premium brands, while Pacifico has a certain cachet on the Pacific coast, and Corona and Sol are both super light bodied brands with painted labels and that appeal to a fun in the sun kind of marketing mentality. In 1985, Grupo Modelo started exploring other markets, first Canada and Japan, and later on Australia and New Zealand. In 1989, the organization moved into Europe when an office in Brussels was opened, later Russia, Africa and Latin America, the Modelo brands are present in 159 countries. In 1997, Anheuser-Busch and Grupo Modelo agreed to purchase 37% of the brewer to gain some revenue and capital opportunities for Modelo. Under the agreement, Anheuser-Busch has invested $605 million, bringing its total investment in Mexicos largest beer company to more than $1 billion. The agreement also allowed for Anheuser-Busch to acquire another 17% at a later date. In 2003, Anheuser-Busch acquired a 17. 7 percent direct and indirect interest in Grupo Modelo and its subsidiary, Diblo, S. A. for $477 million. This gave Anheuser-Busch financial control over the Modelo. By 1996, the acquisition was complete. Our taking a larger stake in Modelo is advantageous for both companies, said Anheuser-Busch Chairman of the Board and President August A. Busch III. Grupo Modelo is a well-managed company with a great heritage. Mexico is a key market in our overall approach to globalizing our company. There is great potential in the Mexican beer market. Our association with Modelo will help grow that market and enhance our already strong relationship with the Mexican-American community. (Chalmers, 2009) Grupo Modelo’s Next Foreign Market and Strategy In 2005, Grupo Modelo and Anheuser-Busch agreed to import Modelos beers into China, the worlds largest beer market, the Mexico City-based Grupo Modelo, who is half-owned by Anheuser-Busch and exclusive importer of Anheuser-Buschs brands in Mexico, including Budweiser and Bud Light. Grupo Modelo holds 62. 8 percent of the total beer market share in Mexico as of Dec. 31, 2005. The agreement with Anheuser-Busch for China covered Corona Extra as well as other Grupo Modelo brands to be distributed in the future. Apart of the strategy was to expand Corona Extra. Corona Extra is the No. 1 Mexican beer sold in the world and the most popular imported beer in the U. S. , regardless of origin. This new partnership ideally complements the international strategy that Modelo has successfully implemented for several decades, said Carlos Fernandez, chairman and CEO of Grupo Modelo, in a statement. Grupo Modelo exports seven brands with a presence in more than 150 countries. (Chalmers, 2006) The Challenges from InBev InBev, the largest beer company in the world produces over 200 beer brands produced and sold throughout the world. Its flagship brands are Budweiser, Stella Artois, Brahma, Becks and Leffe. InBev has operations in over 30 countries and sales in over 130 countries. In 2006 it had a market capitalization of â‚ ¬30. 6 billion and net profit of â‚ ¬3. 2 billion on sales of â‚ ¬13. 3 billion. InBev was created in 2004 from the merger of the Belgian company Interbrew and the Brazilian company AmBev. Before the merger with Ambev, Interbrew was the third largest brewing company in the world by volume, Anheuser-Busch was the largest, followed by SABMiller in second place. Heineken International was in fourth place and AmBev was the worlds fifth largest brewer. On June 12, 2008, InBev announced that it has made a US$46 billion offer for the brewing firm Anheuser-Busch. This merger joined two of the worlds four largest brewing companies (based on revenue) and created a company that brews three of the top beers in the world Bud Light, Budweiser and Skol. InBev also stated that the merger would not result in any U. S. brewery closures and they would also attempt to keep on management and board members from both companies. On Sunday, July 13, 2008, Anheuser-Busch announced that they had agreed to an acquisition by InBev valued at about US$52 billion in cash, or $70 per share. As a condition, InBev will be renamed AB-InBev and Anheuser-Busch would retain two seats on the board of directors. This created a problem for Modelo because Anheiser-Busch has acquired a 51% stake in 2003. Even though the deal was crafted so that Modelo could buy back its majority interest. After the announcement of the AB InBev merger, Modelo sued it US Constellation partner who is partnered with InBev so the InBev could assume a hostile takeover of the company. That arbitration is ongoing. (Kesmodel, 2009) Should Grupo Modelo Diversify its Business? While Modelo still ranks as the 4th largest brewer behind AB-Inbev, SABMiller, Heiniken International, it is the only brewer controls 65%+ in its home country. The other bottlers have found fortune in diversifying into foods, Modelo may be best served with an expansion into other products to boost its name and brand. SABMiller is the outsource bottler Coca Cola Africa. Pepsi has expanded into other brands by acquiring Gatorade, Frito-Lay, and Quaker Oats. Its side brands now account for 55% of of its revenue. Modelo could be better served acquiring established food brands or international food processing plants. AB-InBev has diversified, SABMiller has diversified. Heineken has diversified by isolating its beer brands to different markets Europe, Asia, Americas, Caribbean, and South America. With the top selling single beer product in the world, the company can build some momentum based on that product. Conclusion Grupo Model is poised to take a substantial place in the world market. It is known the throughout the bottle world for its robust and efficient processes. It has been able to expand into foreign markets while keeping its signature product as the number one selling product in the world. It has been able to merge with the largest beer company in the world and still keep it operational control over its products and withstand competitive challenges from direct competitors seeking to penetrate its principal markets. With the establishment of the number one brand beer, Modelo seems poised to leverage its brand into different markets and diversifications.

The Coping Skills of the Elderly

The Coping Skills of the Elderly Free Online Research Papers It is common knowledge today that we live longer than ever before because of science and technology. However, this trend of longevity comes with numerous strains on our society and the elderly. It is common knowledge too that this process of aging culminates into degenerative changes in our physical and psychological well being. As people age, they depend more heavily on assistance from technological devices and caregivers to perform activities of daily living. Studies done by Chappell, Strain, and Blandford (1986) found that both the number of chronic conditions and the extent of functional disability increased with age. Equally important, Statistics Canada (1990b) supported this notion by revealing that the disability rate is tied to age and that it increases with an increase with age. The fact that more people are getting older in this era that before means that a larger portion of our population have some sort of limitations or some kind of disability that affects their ability to be fully functional in day to day life. Functional disability is defined by Chappell, Strain, and Blandford (1986) as â€Å"a functional limitation on the performance of normal daily role activities as a result of illness or injury.† In order to cope with their inability to perform activities of daily living, the elderly in need of assistance have devised means of survival by adapting to assistive devices like hearing aids and wheelchairs. This term â€Å"activities of daily living† as discussed here refers to a basic set of everyday activities or tasks that an individual should be able to perform in order to live independently (Katz, 1963; Weiner, 1990). In order for us to understand the challenges the elderly pass through on daily basis to overcome their limitations, we need a fact finding project with an individual facing such challenges in performing his or her basic activities of daily living, for us to appreciate this topic. I had an opportunity to perform a semi-structured interview with Mrs. Joyce Wealth (fictitious name), a 83 year old resident of a reputable long-term care center in Hamilton, Ontario. The purpose is to investigate and identify how Joyce copes with her physical impairment and pain associated with a stroke (CVA) and other conditions she has and how her coping strategies have made her aging successful. In this paper, I will attempt to discuss the results of this interview with emphasis on how research could be influenced by these results and how we can borrow a leaf from Joyce’s book to prepare for our own old age. Joyce a widow with two daughters, suffered from a stroke six years ago which increased on her inability to perform daily activities by living her with limited use of her left side of her body. She suffered from considerable depression and nursed feelings of frustration, anxiety, anger and apathy. She as a result disengaged herself from the world and become isolated. â€Å"I wished then why nobody could speak to me as they used to and yet hated to see them sympathizing with me† she lamented. â€Å"Few people realize how the shock of this sudden change affects one psychologically. You feel like God should have done you a favor by letting you die.† At the time both her daughters worked and lived outside Canada and were unable to be of effective help to her, thus increasing on the obvious risk to her of not being able to solicit or receive adequate assistance that she needed in basic maintenance activities. Coupled with arthritis and other contributing factors, Joyce agreed to move to a long-term care facility four years ago. Whilst talking to her, I noticed that she had a cognitive competence of a younger person. Despite her disabilities, Joyce’s mental faculties were sound in relation to her biological age and aging perceptions. With all those bouts of depression, crying and overwhelming fatigue, Joyce’s thought process was not impaired. During the course of the interview we were interrupted by a phone call where she exhibited her ability to perform some instrumental activities of daily living by picking up the phone and talking to the extent of passing over her daughter’s telephone number and the day of the week to the caller without checking her directory or calendar. She is thankful for some assistive devices that make it easier for her to tackle mobility problems that would have otherwise limited her ability to go shopping. â€Å"The girls in the Activation and Restorative Department take us out every Saturday to different malls to shop. I am thankful for the motorized wh eelchair I have and for the girls for letting us choose what we want to buy.† She said. Joyce’s attitude towards assistive devices seem to be in conformity with studies by Hirdes and Forbes (1993), that suggests that older people usually adapt to changes in life by adjusting their expectations and activities. But perhaps Cott and Gignac (1999) agreed with her more when they suggested that people with activity limitations used methods to cope with their deficiencies. Whereas successful aging maybe gauged differently in professional circles, Joyce’s case scenario gives me a different perspective of this term simply because of her willingness to try and cope with her physical deficiencies. Activities of daily living that include personal care (toileting, eating/drinking, dressing, bathing), and mobility that seem automatic to us are predominantly a problem for people with motor deficits like Joyce. However, Joyce’s attitude towards her challenges is refreshing most especially when she easily adjusts to ever changing situations by not hesitating to utilize various assistive technologies to help facilitate these activities. In my opinion, a disabled elderly who looks at the future as bright and tries to promote self worth, independence and quality of life with satisfaction has aged successfully. Rowe and Kahn (1991) described low chance of disease and disability; high mental and physical functioning; and active participation in soci al activities as the three signs of successful aging. But like Thompson and Forbes (1990) said, and basing my argument on Joyce’s enthusiasm and desire to avoid further decline, deterioration should not be part of aging. Baltes (1993), recognizes that the cognitive effectiveness which is necessary in maintaining the daily activities associated with overall health is a significant part of aging. Joyce seems to lead a effective life by utilizing her self management skills and practical knowledge to compensate for physical losses which fits well with aging well. When I asked Joyce how she could have been successful in performing instrumental activities of daily living as observed earlier, she attributed it to her insistence on simple exercises with the physiotherapist assistants in the home and an open realistic mind towards her situation. She manages to walk short distances like to the washroom with her walker and with assistance from a caregiver. However, Joyce reiterates that sometimes the caregivers may respond to her call bells late causing incontinence at night which frustrates her. To solve this, Joyce agreed to some interventions like a bedside commode and a bedpan to reduce on consequences of waiting for help and walking to the washroom at night, protective bedding and use of briefs which would have been degrading to any of us. With such assistive devices/interventions, Joyce is able to enjoy continuity in her quality of life by performing some activities by herself in a non threatening atmosphere. Physical disability has not stopped Joyce from promoting her own independence. She talked of the trouble she goes through trying to dress herself without assistance, and how she struggles to feed herself at every meal, tasks that need utmost coordination to complete. Several times Joyce has acquired injuries from falls whilst trying to dress herself or walk to the washroom not because she has lost the ability to evaluate consequences of such risks she takes but because she has a positive attitude towards her life and is willing to commit her energy to doing things herself for her to live a fuller life. The long-term care home she resides in decided to help her meet her objectives. She says that her environment has been altered for her safety. Floor mats have been removed from her washroom and brightened up her room with fluorescent lighting to help her make better judgments while walking. â€Å"I am so happy that I did not sit down and wait to die the moment I realized my fingers could not coordinate properly with my hands to comb my hair the way I would like.† If Joyce had been caught up in such a state of despair, she would probably have resigned herself to her room in isolation away from family and friends because of frustration and embarrassment like it was immediately, just like it was immediately after the stroke. Today she makes it a point to attend all social gatherings and activities in the nursing home. She knows that a strong social support network of friends and family members is a very important contributor to good health in old age. Rowe and Kahn (1998) found that a strong social support network can buffer or reduce some of the effects of aging. Joyce has company every time from her brother, sisters, members of her church, friends and daughters. This keeps her motivated to live since it makes her feel appreciated. Joyce recounts that â€Å"While in hospital, I remember asking a doctor if I will ever be normal again? His response still rings in my ears, that if I worked harder on exercises and on my positive attitude, I’ll get back.† With all that work she put in to cope with the effects of the stroke, she soon got out of bed to a wheelchair and now to a walker for short distances. Her motivation, she says, is that she will one day walk again. However, Joyce’s rehabilitative exercises on how to use her right side of the body to compensate for the disabled left were not enough in itself. She recalls that her family and friends played a huge role as mentioned before. â€Å"My friends and family encouraged me and believed in me. It strengthened me to know that they loved me and were there for me.† All this social support that provides patience, kindness, understanding and affection provided Joyce with a secure emotional environment to reach her goals. In final analysis, my conversation with Mrs. Joyce Wealth was extremely insightful and enlightening on many aspects of coping with physical limitations in later life. Talking to Joyce brought a realization to me that the concept of successful aging based on non-medical approach to promote human well-being is particularly fundamental to increasing quality of life. By providing a universal understanding of the aging experiences that encompasses limitations to the performing of activities of daily living, this interview identified and agreed with the notion that the elderly can find ways to compensate for their disabilities and other limitations in order to enjoy a successful later life. It is therefore important to learn from Joyce’s school of thought and accept changes that come with aging or other misfortunes by adapting and using alternative devices to cope with these changes. Joyce embraced assistive devices, jumped onto the exercise bandwagon and surrounded herself with a supportive social network of friends, family and health caregivers in order for her to achieve quality of life. The bottom line is that quality of life is the ultimate goal of everybody both young and old. References 1. Baltes, P. B. 1993. â€Å"Aging Mind: Potential and Limits.† Gerontologist 33(5): 580 94. 2. Chappell, N. L., Laurel A. Stain, and Audrey A. Blandford. 1986. Aging and Health Care: A Social Perspective. Toronto: Holt, Rinehart and Winston of Canada. 3. Cott, C. A., and M. A. M. Gignac. 1999. â€Å"Independence and Dependence For Older Adults with Osteoarthritis or Osteoporosis.† Canadian Journal On Aging 18(1): 1-25. 4. Hirdes, J. P., and W. P. Forbes. 1993. â€Å"Factors Associated with the Maintenance of Good Self-Rated Health.† Journal of Aging and Health 5(1): 101 – 22. 5. Katz, S., Ford, A., Moskowitz, R., Jackson, B. and Jaffe, M. (1963). â€Å"Studies of Illness in the Aged.† Journal of the American Medical Association, 185, 95 – 99. 6. Rowe, John W., and Robert L., Kahn. 1991. â€Å"Human Aging: Using and Successful.† In Harold Cox, ed., Aging, 7th ed. Guilford, CT: Dushkin. Originally Published in Science 237 (1987): 143 – 49. 7. Rowe, John W., and Robert L., Kahn. â€Å"Successful Aging.† New York: Pantheon Books; 1998. 8. Thompson, M. E., and W. F. Forbes. 1990. â€Å"The Various Definitions of Biological Aging.† Canadian Journal on Aging 9: 91 – 94. 9. Wiener, J., Hanley, R., Clark, R. and Van Nostrand, J. (1990). Measuring the Activities of Daily Living: Comparisons Across National Surveys. Journal of Gerontology; Social Sciences, 45, 229 – 237. An Interview with Joyce Wealth; Coping with a Disability in Old Age Hopes Kikonyogo interviewing Joyce Wealth on 7th November, 2005 lasted approximately 60 minutes. It was conducted in the activity room of a long-term care center in Hamilton, Ontario. Audio data from the interview was recorded on a digital recording device and later used to generate post interview notes for this paper. To preserve privacy the actual names of the lady interviewed and the name of the long-term care center were not used. The interview is intended to highlight Joyce’s coping strategies with a disability that hindered her ability to perform activities of daily living. Through her experiences we hope to understand the survival instincts of humans in later years. HK: Joyce, thank you for agreeing to this interview. First, can you tell us a little bit about yourself? Joyce: I was born in 1922 to a Ukrainian family. My father was a physician and my mother a nursery school teacher. After school I married an English soldier and we moved to Canada after the war. In Canada, my husband, Henry became a physician and I became a secretary. Later after further studies, I was promoted to office administrator in Henry’s medical office. He died 15 years later of cancer. HK: Did you and Henry have children? Joyce: Oh, yes. I am ashamed I did not mention them. I have two girls, Marilyn and Bertha. Marilyn is a Chief Economist with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) somewhere south of the border and Bertha a Political analyst and part time lecturer at one of the east coast universities in USA. I am proud of my daughters and their achievements are a satisfaction in my life. I do not see them that often though, but we talk quite a lot on telephone. Once in a while I get to watch Bertha on news networks like CNN, sharing her opinions with the world. I am a proud mother. HK: Let us focus on your disabilities for a moment here. How did you end up in this situation? The disabilities and living in a long-term care center? Joyce: I suffered from a stroke in 1999. It caught me completely unaware, one moment I was fine preparing to go to church, the next moment I had this awful headache, a fuzzy feeling over my eyes and general weakness of my body. Luckily enough, Bertha was visiting with me, and rushed me to hospital. A stroke interrupted my good life and changed it probably for good. I was in hospital confused, physically mmmh, crippled and speechless. That feeling is horrible, I mean, it is horrible to feel powerless and hopeless over yourself. Anyway, I stayed in hospital and various rehabilitation centers for 2 years, I think, before being discharged to a nursing home. HK: How did you feel about coming to a nursing home? Joyce: I really had no option, I could hardly care for myself and could not afford 24/7 home care. My daughters did not live in the country and even if they did, it would have been so stressful for them to run my home and theirs. I had thought hard about this before taking up this chance. Truthfully my first year of living with the effects of a stroke was my lowest. I was so depressed, refused to take any calls from my family and friends; I often pretended to be asleep when someone visited with me. I had totally cut off the world, feeling frustrated and embarrassed, but somehow with the persistence of my church, daughters and friends I agreed to therapies that have helped in my recovering journey. HK: What state of mind were you in the aftermaths of the stroke? I mean did you feel like you had lost your cognitive awareness? Joyce: I was disabled after the stroke. I could hardly do even the simplest things you know of like using my left hand to touch and feel, because my left side of the body was paralyzed. I could not feed myself, unable to write, dress myself and so many other things we do take for granted. I leant that feeding oneself requires a lot of coordination. One thing I did not lose though, thank God, was my ability to think, judge and make my own decisions. Having all your mental faculties in order when you cannot perform the simplest of activities is a recipe for depression, embarrassment and frustration. A few people realize how the shock of this sudden change affects one psychologically. You feel like God should have done you a favor by letting you die than living you with disabilities. HK: Earlier you mentioned about self isolation, disengaging yourself from friends and family. Why was that? Joyce: Hard to understand, but at that time you figure death is the best thing for you. Apart from that, you feel so embarrassed and angry at your friends and family when they feel sorry for you. It seems like they all talk to you like you are a toddler. People often avoided contact with me because they figured I could not hold a normal conversation with them. I wished they could talk to me like they used to and at the same time hated to see them sympathize with me. HK: Joyce, after such a low period in your life, what motivated you to turn around your life? Joyce: While in hospital. I recall asking a doctor if I will ever be normal again. His response still rings in my ears, that if I worked harder on exercises and on my positive attitude, I’ll be back. Rehabilitation therapists often asked some stroke survivors to come and visit with me, which encouraged me. I realized then that I can live if I wanted to, that my rehabilitation was in my hands. Up to today, I still wonder how I managed to turn that corner. Look, I toiled and found strength to get out of bed, I started using a wheelchair. That in itself was a milestone in my struggle to recover, but still believe it is not good enough. Today, I so often use my walker to walk for short distances like to my washroom and to the dining room with the help of caregivers. It is a challenge and so exhausting. HK: I have just noticed you answering your phone without assistance. How could you have been successful in performing such a task? Joyce: Keeping active is the key, if I had remained idle without purposeful activity to help in my rehabilitation, my goals would have been undermined. I happen to do simple exercises at least everyday with Mary the physiotherapist assistant in this home. I also harbor a positive mind towards my life because I have moved on. I read a lot and keep my mind active. All that is not easy, most especially if one is recovering from a stroke and has arthritis as well, like I do. I am so happy that I did not sit down and wait to die the moment I realized my fingers could not coordinate properly with my left hand to comb my hair the way I want it. HK: What would you like to be changed in this nursing home, anything that would further your goal of recovery? Joyce: if I had my way it would be a day or two coming up with stuff that needs to be changed, but we are all humans thus seldom perfect. I am contented with what this home offers. There is care, very good care here but one thing that has been frustrating is the response by caregivers to call bells. They often respond to my call bells late and by the time one is here, I have soiled my pants or wet my bed. Just yesterday, I brought this call bell issue up during my care conference and agreed to management’s proposal of a bedside commode, bedpan and usage of briefs. It is an inconvenience and embarrassing, but at least it solved a problem or two. HK: By the way, are there certain things you can do for yourself? Joyce: Oh sure, I do my own shopping, which is a thrill because I was a ‘shoppaholic.’ The girls from the Activation and Restorative department take us out every Saturday to different malls for shopping. I am thankful for the motorized wheelchair I use and for the girls that not only take us out but also let us choose what we want to buy. I am thankful for all the devices that enable me to continue with life in a fulfilling way. Apart from the shopping, I try to toilet myself, try to walk myself to the washroom and to the dining room, dress myself and feed myself. However I have paid for taking such bold risks. I have acquired bruises and injuries from falls, but now my room is as bright as day light because of those fluorescent lights that help eliminate shadows, they also removed my floor mats in the washroom to avoid tripping. HK: Finally Joyce, do you have anything else to say? Is there something important to you that I missed? Joyce: Yeah, I appreciate all I have today which is life. I am particularly thankful for all the care I have received. The caregivers here though over worked and always understaffed remain pleasant and helpful. I thank my family and my friends that encouraged me and believed in me. It strengthened me to know that they loved me and were there for me. HK: Exploring your coping skills with the effects of a stroke has been very informative. I have enjoyed talking to you Joyce and particularly thankful for your willingness to share your experiences with us. Thank you. 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